FY2014 Annual Report

Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit

Assistant Professor Keshav Dani

unit-brain-mech-behav_grp

Abstract

In recent years, the ability to synthesize, engineer & observe materials on the nanometer length scale has led to novel phenomena and applications. On the other hand, modern lasers deliver powerful, ultrashort pulses of light allowing us to observe the interaction of electrons and atoms on the femtosecond timescale. Together, these technologies allow us to study new paradigms in light-matter interaction – with femtosecond temporal resolution and nanometer spatial resolution. In the Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, we direct these abilities towards different areas of study:

(a) Novel 2D Materials & Heterostructures, where femtosecond pulses and nanoscale, biocompatible devices offer new possibilities in imaging and interacting with the brain;

(b) Femtosecond Techniques for Neuroscience & Drug Delivery, where femtosecond pulses and nanoscale, biocompatible devices offer new possibilities in imaging and interacting with the brain.

(c) Terahertz Devices and Applications, investigating the generation of broadband THz radiation and applying this to a variety of materials and devices.

1. Staff

  • Dr. Keshav M. Dani, Professor
  • Dr. Michael Man, Researcher
  • Dr. Bala Murali Krishna, Researcher
  • Dr. Peter Hale, Researcher
  • Dr. Eleftheria Kavousanaki, Researcher
  • Dr. Julien Madeo, Researcher
  • Elaine Wong, Graduate Student
  • Athanasios Margiolakis, Special Research Student
  • Rino Tamaki, Administrative Assistant

2. Collaborations

  • Theme: Novel two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures
    • Type of collaboration: Joint research
    • Researchers:
      • Professor Saikat Talapatra, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
      • Professor S. Kar, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
      • Professor P.M. Ajayan, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
      • Professor Nic Shannon, OIST, Okinawa, Japan
      • Dr. A.D. Mohite, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
      • Dr. G. Gupta, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
      • Dr. H. Yamaguchi, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, USA
      • Dr. N. T. Narayanan, RCSI-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, India
      • Soumya Vinod, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
      • Rico Pohle, OIST, Okinawa, Japan
  • Theme: Femtosecond Techniques for Neuroscience and Drug Delivery
    • Type of collaboration: Joint research
    • Researchers:
      • Professor Jeff Wickens, OIST, Okinawa, Japan
      • Dr. Takashi Nakano, OIST, Okinawa, Japan
  • Theme: Terahertz Devices and Applications
    • Type of collaboration: Joint research
    • Researchers:
      • Professor Jerome Tignon, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France
      • Dr. Sukhdeep Dhilon, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France
      • Dr. Juliette Mangeney, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France
      • Matthieue Baillergeau, Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, France

3. Activities and Findings

3.1 Novel Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Heterostructures

Since the discovery of Graphene in 2004, the study of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures has spawned a new field of condensed matter physics. Understanding the optical properties of these new materials, their nonlinear interaction with light, and the light-induced ultrafast dynamics of electrons in these materials has been one of the main research thrusts of the unit. In continuation of the work from previous years, the unit has made progress in the following areas in FY2014:

A. Optically Induced Magnetic Moments in Graphene Quantum Dots:

Graphene and its various nanostructures have gained a lot of attention due to the large range of electronic, optical, and magnetic properties they exhibit depending on size, shape, and geometry [1]. In particular, inducing and controlling the magnetic properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has generated a lot of interest in recent times [2]. Various schemes have been discussed in this regard, ranging from inducing strain [3], engineering the shape and edge geometry [4], doping the carbon nanostructure with other atoms [5], to creating vacancies in the lattice [6].

Besides engineering the magnetic properties via doping, strain, and geometry, optical manipulation of magnetism would provide significant technological capability. This will result in direct applications in quantum computing [7], optical spin pumping [8], and sorting among others. Recent work has suggested ways of optical manipulation of spin magnetization in triangular zigzag graphene quantum dots [9]. In addition to spin magnetization, the ability to optically manipulate the orbital magnetization would provide new degrees of freedom and potential capabilities. Furthermore, developing optical schemes to induce orbital magnetization in nanostructures with a variety of shapes, sizes, and geometries would provide new avenues of experimental investigation. This is particularly significant given the current experimental challenges in making dots with specific geometries and edges.

In our work in FY2014, we reported [10] on the study of symmetric graphene quantum dots of different shapes, sizes, and edge structures. We classified their eigenstates based on the rotational symmetry of the GQDs. This classification leads to the identification of states with nonzero orbital angular momentum. These states exhibit Zeeman-like behavior, i.e., the energy of the state varies linearly in a magnetic field up to tens of teslas, and exhibit a large g value independent of shape, size, and edge structure. In the presence of a circularly polarized electromagnetic field, these states demonstrate anomalous optical selection rules, thereby allowing direct transitions to other states of nonzero angular momentum. The anomalous optical selection rules suggest clear ways to induce and control the magnetic moment of the GQD.

References

[1] A. Castro Neto, F. Guinea, N. Peres, K. Novoselov, and A. Geim, The electronic properties of graphene, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009).
[2] A. D. Güçlü, P. Potasz, O. Voznyy, M. Korkusinski, and P. Hawrylak, Magnetism and correlations in fractionally filled degenerate shells of graphene quantum dots, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 246805 (2009).
[3] J. Viana-Gomes, V. M. Pereira, and N. M. R. Peres, Magnetism in strained graphene dots, Phys. Rev. B 80, 245436 (2009).
[4] P. Potasz, A. D. G¨uc¸l¨u, A. W´ojs, and P. Hawrylak, Electronic properties of grates triangular graphene quantum dots: magnetism, correlations, and geometrical effects, Phys. Rev. B 85, 075431 (2012).
[5] O. V. Yazyev and L. Helm, Defect-induced magnetism in graphene, Phys. Rev. B 75, 125408 (2007).
[6] J. J. Palacios, J. Fern´andez-Rossier, and L. Brey, Vacancyinduced magnetism in graphene and graphene ribbons, Phys. Rev. B 77, 195428 (2008).
[7] B. Trauzettel, D.V. Bulaev,D. Loss, andG. Burkard, Spin qubits in graphene quantum dots, Nat. Phys. 3, 192 (2007).
[8] M. R. Connolly, K. L. Chiu, S. P. Giblin, M. Kataoka, J. D. Fletcher, C. Chua, J. P. Griffiths, G. A. C. Jones, V. I. Fal’ko, C. G. Smith, and T. J. B.M. Janssen, Gigahertz quantized charge pumping in graphene quantum dots, Nat. Nanotechnology 8, 417 (2013).
[9] A. D. G¨uc¸l¨u and P. Hawrylak, Optical control of magnetization and spin blockade in graphene quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 87, 035425 (2013).
[10] E. G. Kavousanaki and K. M. Dani, Optically induced magnetic moments in symmetric graphene quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 91, 035433 (2015).

B. Photoconductivity measurements on artificially stacked two-dimensional heterostructures:

Over the previous years, the unit developed liquid exfoliated samples of van der Waals heterostructures like hexagonal Boron Nitride/Graphene (hBN/G) heterostructures and Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Optical pump terahertz probe conductivity techniques were also built to access the ultrafast electron dynamics in these heterostructures on photoexcitation.

In FY2014, the unit has measured the optical conductivity of liquid exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets, and observed novel optical conductivity phenomena in hBN/G heterostructures compared to purely hBN or purely G structures. Such phenomena promise novel applications in opto-electronic devices using van der Waals heterostructures. These observations are currently under preparation [1,2].

References

[1] B. M. K. Mariserla, M. K. L. Man, S. Vinod, C. Chin, T. Harada, J. Taha-Tijerina, C. S. Tiwary, P. Nguyen, P. Chang, T. N. Narayanan, A. Rubio, P. M Ajayan, S. Talapatra and K. M. Dani, Engineering photophenomena in large, three dimensional structures composed of self-assembled van der Waals heterostructure flakes, in preparation.
[2] S. Ghosh, A. Winchester, B. Muchhaarla, M. Wasala, S. Feng, A. L. Elias, B. M. K. Mariserla, T. Harada, C. Chin, K. M. Dani,S. Kar, M. Terrones, and S. Talapatra, Ultrafast intrinsic photoresponse and direct evidence of sub-gap states in liquid phase exfoliated MoS2 thin films, in preparation.

3.2 Femtosecond Techniques for Neuroscience and Drug Delivery

Advances in biomaterials and nanotechnology promise the ability to introduce nanoscale devices into living organisms to address, mimic and ultimately control their intrinsic mechanisms [1]. A first application of this concept has been the development of targeted, site specific drug delivery systems activated by external Stimuli [2]. For example, in nano cancer treatments [3], the dosage is delivered slowly and continuously over long periods of time at a specific location in the body [4]. Equally important to spatial control is gaining temporal, pulsatile control over the drug delivery system [5]. Numerous vital functions of living biological systems occur in a regulated, repeatable manner with natural rhythms of hours to milliseconds. Mimicking these rhythms – that are essential to life chemistry – demands pulsatile, repeatedly-releasing chemical delivery systems with the appropriate temporal profile. Previous attempts have achieved temporal control of the pulse profile on the order of hours and days, and typically employ a one-time destructive release mechanism by irreversible breakdown of the containing structure [6,7]. An important next step of development is towards sub-second control over the temporal drug-delivery profile via a non-destructive release mechanism in order to mimic faster rhythmic biological life cycles.

A particularly important subsecond biological process is the pulsed release of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain [8]. Chemical synaptic transmission rapidly transmits information between neurons to perform brain functions such as perception and motor control, and learning and memory [9]. Neuromodulators also operate on a subsecond timescales to regulate the activity of large swaths of neural tissue. Deficiencies in neurochemical signaling in the brain result in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease [10]. Although replacement therapies have been employed in such disorders, the slow absorption and diffusion of drugs has limited their application to replacement of constant background levels of the neuromodulator [11]. Better results can be expected by artificially mimicking the neurochemical signal with the appropriate temporal structure. Thus, the ability to reproduce the subsecond release of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain would be a significant step in controlling brain mechanisms, understanding brain behavior, and potentially addressing neurological diseases.

In FY2014, we demonstrated [12,13] subsecond, pulsatile, on-demand release of dopamine using a nanoscale drug delivery system, thus capable of reproducing neurotransmitter release of the brain. Using a train of femtosecond laser pulses, we stimulate robust, dopamine-filled liposome structures to repeatedly deliver pulsed dopamine concen- trations where the delivery time and the concentration are controlled simply by adjusting the intensity and exposure time to the femtosecond laser pulse train.

References

[1] Dan Peer1, Jeffrey M. Karp, Seungpyo Hong, Omid C. Farokhzad, Rimona Margalit and Robert Langer. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nat Nanotechnol 2, 751–760 (2007).
[2] Ganta, S., Devalapally, H., Shahiwala, A. and Amiji, M. A review of stimuliresponsive nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. J. Control. Release 126, 187–204 (2008).
[3] Arap, W., Pasqualini, R. and Ruoslahti, E. Cancer treatment by targeted drug delivery to tumor vasculature in a mouse model. Science 279, 377–380 (1998).
[4] LaVan, D. A., McGuire, T. and Langer, R. Small-scale systems for in vivo drug delivery. Nat Biotechnol 21, 1184–1191 (2003).
[5] Kikuchi, A. and Okano, T. Pulsatile drug release control using hydrogels. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54, 53–77 (2002).
[6] Ellis-Davies, G. C. R. Caged compounds: photorelease technology for control of cellular chemistry and physiology. Nat Meth 4, 619–628 (2007).
[7] Guohui Wu, Alexander Mikhailovsky, Htet A. Khant, Caroline Fu, Wah Chiu and Joseph A. Zasadzinski. Remotely triggered liposome release by near-infrared light absorption via hollow gold nanoshells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 8175–8177 (2008).
[8] Roitman, M. F., Stuber, G. D., Phillips, P. E. M.,Wightman, R.M. and Carelli, R. M. Dopamine operates as a subsecond modulator of food seeking. J Neurosci 24, 1265–1271 (2004).
[9] Katz, B. Nerve, muscle, and synapse. Mcgraw-Hill Book Co, New York (1966).
[10] Parkinson, J. An essay on the shaking palsy. Whittingham and Rowland for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, London (1817).
[11] Arbuthnott, G. W. and Wickens, J. R. Space, time and dopamine. Trends Neurosci 30, 62–69 (2007).
[12] Takashi Nakano, Catherine Chin, David Mo Aung Myint, Eng Wui Tan, Peter John Hale, Bala Murali Krishna M., John N. J. Reynolds, Jeff Wickens, and Keshav M. Dani, Mimicking subsecond neurotransmitter dynamics with femtosecond laser stimulated nanosystems, Scientific Reports 4, 5398 (2014).
[13] Takashi Nakano, Catherine Chin, Jeff Wickens, Keshav M Dani, A novel drug delivery method for neuropharmacological research, using liposomes and lasers, Neurotransmitter 1 (1): e424 (2014).

3.3 Terahertz Devices and Applications

The terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum covers an important frequency range between electronics and optics [1]. Over the past decade a number of important scientific and technological applications have emerged in this region, such as low-energy spectroscopy of materials [2], biomedical imaging [3] and security applications [4]. Driven by these technological and scientific applications, much effort has been directed towards the development of THz sources and detectors with the appropriate strengths like ease-of-use, high signal to noise ratio (SNR), broad bandwidth and large peak electric fields. In FY2014, and previous years, the unit has also invested effort in the development of novel THz sources, particularly for broad bandwidth spectroscopy, or high-field nonlinear spectroscopy.

Among the variety of THz sources, amplified laser systems provide high enough peak powers such that air plasma generation and detection may be employed, providing bandwidths beyond 100 THz and electric fields into the MV/cm range [5]. On the other hand, photoconductive antennas have demonstrated being very practical in regards to generation of sub-picosecond THz pulses with high SNR when using ultrafast Ti:sapphire oscillator systems [6]. Achieving broadband emission from antennas has shown capabilities of up to 30 THz when combined with electro-optic sampling for detection and low-temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) as the antenna substrate. LT-GaAs is known for providing broader bandwidths due to the faster carrier recombination for both emission and detection. In this context, semi-insulating GaAs (SI-GaAs), which is more easily accessible and less expensive, but shows longer carrier lifetimes, is usually disregarded for broadband spectroscopy applications.

In order to combine the possibility of larger spectral bandwidths and/or higher THz fields with the practicality and high SNR of photoconductive antennas, the development of new antenna geometries and system designs continues to be an active area of research. In particular, the interdigitated photoconductive antenna structure, holds much promise for achieving both of these goals. In these antenna structures, two finger-like electrodes interweave together to create a large array of THz antenna sources, constructively interfering in the far field. This structure combines the advantages of a large aperture for optical excitation and small electrode gaps. The large area allows illumination by higher power and lower repetition rate optical sources and strongly reduces diffraction of the generated THz pulses, thus avoiding the need for silicon lenses. The small electrode spacing results in faster screening of the applied electric field by the depleted photocarriers, and thereby provides a broader bandwidth THz emitter. On a practical note, the smaller electrode gap allows for the application of a lower bias voltage, achievable with standard function generators, whilst still providing electric fields near to breakdown across the electrodes. This lower bias voltage in turn allows for higher frequency modulations of the antenna to improve the high SNR. This design allows for significantly higher peak THz electric fields compared to dipole antennas or large-aperture antennas.

In FY2014, we reported [7] broadband THz emission, up to 20 THz, is measured from an interdigitated photoconductive antenna fabricated on a SI-GaAs wafer, optically excited by a high power and low repetition rate Ti:sapphire oscillator. The emission is investigated as a function of incident power and incident pulse width. A transmission measurement through a 75 μm, Teflon (PTFE) sample is performed to demonstrate spectroscopy up to 17 THz, and compared to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) transmission measurement of the same sample. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest generated bandwidth reported for a SI-GaAs based photoconductive source.

References

[1] M. Tonouchi, Cutting-edge terahertz technology, Nat. Photonics 1 (2), 97–105 (2007).
[2] P. U. Jepsen, D. G. Cooke, and M. Koch, Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging, Laser & Photonics Reviews 5 (1), 124–166 (2011).
[3] D. A. Usanov, A. P. Krenitskiy, A. V. Mayborodin, V. D. Tupikin, A. D. Usanov, and A. P. Rytik, Terahertz waves and perspectives of terahertz biomedical technologies development, Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications 1–10 (2008).
[4] J. F. Federici, B. Schulkin, F. Huang, D. Gary, R. Barat, F. Oliveira, and D. Zimdars, THz imaging and sensing for security applications – explosives, weapons and drugs, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20 (7), S266–S280 (2005).
[5] B. Clough, J. Dai, and X. C. Zhang, Laser air photonics: beyond the terahertz gap, Mater. Today 15 (1-2), 50–58 (2012).
[6] P. U. Jepsen, R. H. Jacobsen, and S. R. Keiding, Generation and detection of terahertz pulses from biased semiconductor antennas, JOSA B 13 (11), 2424 (1996).
[7] P. J. Hale, J. Madeo, C. Chin, S. S. Dhillon, J. Mangeney, J. Tignon, and K. M. Dani. 20 THz broadband generation using semi-insulating GaAs interdigitated photoconductive antennas, Optics Exp. 22, 26358 (2014).

4. Publications

4.1 Journals

  1. E. G. Kavousanaki and K. M. Dani, Optically induced magnetic moments in symmetric graphene quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B91, 035433 (2015).
  2. Takashi Nakano, Catherine Chin, Jeff Wickens, Keshav M Dani, A novel drug delivery method for neuropharmacological research, using liposomes and lasers, Neurotransmitter 1 (1): e424 (2014).
  3. P. J. Hale, J. Madeo, C. Chin, S. S. Dhillon, J. Mangeney, J. Tignon, and K. M. Dani, 20 THz broadband generation using semi-insulating GaAs interdigitated photoconductive antennas, Optics Express 22 (21), 26358-26364 (2014).
  4. Takashi Nakano, Catherine Chin, David Mo Aung Myint, Eng Wui Tan, Peter John Hale, Bala Murali Krishna M., John N. J. Reynolds, Jeff Wickens, and Keshav M. Dani, Mimicking subsecond neurotransmitter dynamics with femtosecond laser stimulated nanosystems, Scientific Reports 4, 5398 (2014).
  5. Julia Hildmann, Eleftheria Kavousanaki, Guido Burkard, and Hugo Ribeiro, Quantum limit for nuclear spin polarization in semiconductor quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 89, 205302 (2014).

4.2 Books and Other One-Time Publications

Nothing to report.

4.3 Oral and Poster Presentations

  1. Dani, K. M. Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy and It's Applications to Two-dimensional Materials, Invited Talk, BIT's 3rd Annual conference and EXPO of AnalytiX-2014, Dalian International Convention Center, China, April 25-28 (2014).
  2. Winchester, A., Dani, K. M. Low Temperature Phonon Shifts in Liquid Phase Exfoliated MoS2, Poster Presentation, Novel Quantum Materials and Phases, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, May 14-17 (2014).
  3. Mariserla, B. M. K., Dani, K. M. Novel opto-electronic behavior of hBN/G van der Waals hetrostructures, Poster Presentation, Novel Quantum Materials and Phases, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, May 14-17 (2014).
  4. Kavousanaki, E., Dani, K. M. Manipulation of magnetization in symmetric graphene quantum dots using optical selection rules, Poster Presentation, Novel Quantum Materials and Phases, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, March 14-17 (2014).
  5. Man, M. K. L., Dani, K. M. Characterization of single- and few-layers molybdenum disulphide by low energy electron diffraction and microscopy, Poster Presentation, Novel Quantum Materials and Phases, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, May 14-17 (2014).
  6. Dani, K. M. Emergent Opto-electronic Phenomena in Artificial Van Der Waals Heterostructures, Invited Talk, Novel Quantum Materials and Phases, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, May 14-17 (2014).
  7. Hale, P. J., Madeo, J., Chin, C., Dhillon, S. S., Mangeney, J., Tignon, J., Dani, K. M. 20 THz broadband generation using semi-insulating GaAs interdigitated photoconductive antennas, Oral Presentation, CLEO 2014, San Jose, CA, USA, June 8-13 (2014).
  8. Dani, K. M. Lighting up the brain - with femtosecond pulses, Lecture, DNC: Developmental Neurobiology Course, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, June 29 – July 16 (2014).
  9. Dani, K. M. THz photo conductivity of 3D van der Waals solids, Invited Talk, International Symposium on Frontier of Terahertz Science, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan, August 4-6 (2014).
  10. Man, M. K. L., Winchester, A., Yamaguchi, H., Gupta, G., Mohite, A. D., Najmaei, S., Lei, S., Talapatra, S., Ajayan, P. M., Lou, J., Dani, K. M. Structural order in CVD grown molybdenum disulphide, Poster Presentation, LEEM/PEEM-9, Peter Grünberg Institute, Germany, September 14-18 (2014).
  11. Dani, K. M. Invited Talk, Recent Progress in Graphene Research, Howard International House Taipei, Taipei, September 21-25 (2014).
  12. Man, M. K. L., Dani, K. M. Poster Presentation, 2014 Material Research Society Fall Meeting, MA, USA, November 30-December 5 (2014).
  13. Mariserla, B. M. K., Dani, K. M., Poster Presentation, 2014 Material Research Society Fall Meeting, MA, USA, November 30-December 5 (2014).
  14. Margiolakis, A., Zhao, Z. Y., Hale, P., Madeo, J., Man, M. K. L., Zhao, Q. Z., Peng, W., Dani, K. M. Enhanced terahertz emission from a femtosecond-laser-ablated photoconductor, Oral Presentation, American Physical Society March Meeting 2015, TX, USA, March 2-6 (2015).
  15. Margiolakis, A., Zhao, Z. Y., Hale, P., Madeo, J., Man, M. K. L., Zhao, Q. Z., Peng, W., Dani, K. M. Enhanced terahertz emission from a femtosecond-laser-ablated photoconductor, Oral Presentation, Optical Terahertz Science & Technology Conference, CA, USA, March 8-13 (2015).

5. Intellectual Property Rights and Other Specific Achievements

Nothing to report.

6. Meetings and Events

6.1 Ultrafast Dynamics at the Nanoscale 2014 (UDN 2014)

  • Date: July 11-13, 2014
  • Venue: OIST Campus, B250
  • Co-organizers:
    • Prof. Hrvoje Petek (University of Pittsburgh, USA)
  • Speakers:
    • Dr. Jean-Yves Bigot (CNRS, France)
    • Dr. Phil Bucksbaum (Stanford University, USA)
    • Dr. Steven Cundiff (Univ. of Colorado Boulder, USA)
    • Dr. Ulrich Hofer (Philpps-Universitat Marburg, Germany)
    • Dr. Kunie Ishioka (National Institute for Materials Science, Japan)
    • Dr. Shaul Mukamel (University of California Irvine, USA)
    • Dr. Margaret Murnane (University of Colorado Boulder, USA)
    • Dr. Keith Nelson (MIT, USA)
    • Dr. Chiko Otani (RIKEN, Japan)
    • Dr. Rohit Prasankumar (Los Alamos National Lab, USA)
    • Dr. Charles Schmuttenmaer (Yale University, USA)
    • Dr. Koichiro Tanak (Kyoto University, Japan)
    • Dr. Jerome Tignon (Ecole Normale Superieure, France)
    • Dr. Msayoshi Tonouchi (Osaka University, Japan)

6.2 Seminar

  • Date: October 31, 2014
  • Venue: OIST Campus, Lab 1
  • Speaker: Mr. Nilabha Bhattacharjee

7. Others

Nothing to report.