FY2017 Annual Report

Mathematical and Theoretical Physics Unit
Shinobu Hikami

Abstract

Mathematical and theoretical physics unit studied the subjects related to random matrix theory and conformal field theory. The intersection numbers of the moduli space of spin curves and the conformal bootstrap method for three dimensions are studied. Random matrix theory is applied to biological systems.

1. Staff

  • Prof. Shinobu Hikami, Professor
  • Dr. Satsuki Oda, Staff Scientist
  • Dr. Hidehiko Shimada, Staff Scientist
  • Dr. Hirohiko Shimada, Postdoctoral Scholar
  • Dr. Tomoki Tokuda, Postdoctoral Scholar
  • Dr. Ayumi Kikkawa, Research Assistant (part time)
  • Dr. Momoka Higa, Technician
  • Mr. Takuro Tamashiro, Technicien
  • Mr. Adrian David, PhD Student
  • Ms. Shiho Saito, Research Unit Administrator
  • Ms. Miwako Tokuda, Research Unit Administrator

 

2. Collaborations

 2.1 Collaborations with University of Tokyo

  • Description: Moduli space and matrix models: 
    • The study of higher Teichmuller space and various topological invariances.
  • Researcher: Prof. N. Kawazumi (University of Tokyo)

 2.2 Collaborations with Ecole Normale Superieure

  • Description: Random matrix theory with an external source and topological field theory
  • Researcher: Prof. Edouard Brezin (lpt, ENS, Paris)

    ​

3. Activities and Findings

3.1 Random matrix theory with an external source

The topological field theory TFT was studied from random matrix theory, which is generalization of two dimensional gravity theory by the tuning the parameter of the external source. This was developed by the collaboration with Edouard Brezin. The study is generalized to the super symmetric case, and to super Riemann surfaces.  Non-orientable cases like Klein surfaces are also studied through random matrix theory.

3.2 Conformal Field Theory

We studied both basis and applications of the conformal field theory putting our emphasis on the conformal bootstrap and non-unitarity. Since the bootstrap may potentially give us the solutions corresponding to the CFTs without Lagrangians, it is of fundamental interest to understand, in the most general settings, what kinds of the solutions may exist. This problem gets even harder and more interesting when one relaxes the unitarity condition.

As an initial step to such a direction, we study the solutions to the crossing symmetry by truncating the infinite CFT spectrum (the tower of the scaling dimensions). As initiated by Ferdinando Gliozzi, this leads to the problem of determining the intersections for the vanishing loci of the finite-matrix minors. There are various statistical models, whose CFT (if exists) would have two or more scaling dimensions related to each other by some non-trivial degeneracies or supersymmetric conditions. These include the self-avoiding walk (single polymer i.e. the n=0 limit of the O(n) model), the branched polymer, and the Yang-Lee edge singularity, all of which are studied by the bootstrap. The critical dimension of the Yang-Lee edge singularity, for which the scaling-dimension of the fundamental scalar vanishes, is investigated; with the Pade analysis of the epsilon expansion, this result improves the previous estimate for the scalar dimension in 3<d<6. The dimensional reductions from d-dimensions to d-2 dimensions in the branched polymer (to the Yang-Lee edge singularity) and in the random field Ising model (to the pure Ising model) are studied; the former reduction leading to the supersymmetric condition is shown to be valid, while some deviation is found below d=5 in the latter reduction, which would reflect the non-perturbative nature of the fixed point.

On the other hand, an infinite hierarchical structure of the Stern-Brocot tree is found in the OPE coefficients (corresponding to the untruncated, infinite solution vector of the matrix studied above) of the 2d O(n) CFT for the continuous values of -2<n<2, where the zeros and poles are accumulated along the boundary of the Poincare disk; all the negative OPE coefficients occur by the unitarity violation rooted on the simple pole at n=0, which is found to be the asymmetry of the basic hyperbolic triangle representing the energy density operator. The unitarity violation for the other higher operators rooted at the outer triangle vertices at the other rational points of n is therefore shown to be exponentially weak. The breaking of the conformal invariance in antiferromagnets due to the topological solitons (skrymions) is studied in view of the Nambu propertime formalism for the magnon loops in the emergent 2+1-dimensional scalar QED. The universality of the non-equilibrium phase transitions and its anisotropic scale invariance of space-time is studied by exploiting the finite-time-scaling framework for both our simulation on the ecological predator-prey model and the turbulence experiment in the fluid mechanics unit. 

We also held successfully a medium-scale symposium at OIST on the conformal bootstrap co-organized with Slava Rychkov (IHES) and were able to foster fruitful discussions among active researchers of all generations. This project was supported by JSPS KAKENHI No. 16K05491 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C).

3.3 Machine-learning Slow Earthquakes

We further developed the phenomenology for the four inter-time classes of the low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) found in FY2016 using the machine-learning clustering analyses. The key finding was that this classification, improved by taking into account proximity (10km) of consecutive LFEs, reveals the quiescence (30 days and four months) of the shortest inter-time class (median 23 seconds), which we call S1. These shorter-term anomalies of the LFEs found inland are in good contrast to the known quiescence of the conventional earthquakes in ocean, which begins much earlier (23 years) before the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake. We proposed a generative model in terms of non-homogenous Poisson processes for the four classes of LFEs. In particular, the class S1 is characterized by a generalized gamma distribution with the shape parameter 1.6, suggesting the repulsive nature of S1 in the inter-time domain close to zero, which is in contrast to the attractive nature of the conventional earthquakes due to aftershocks. The volcanic tremors and conventional earthquakes are also included in our analysis. We also discuss a possible geodetic interpretation. It is concluded that the quiescence of the shortest inter-time classes of the LFE and of the volcanic tremors can be a precursor event for the 2011 Great Tohoku earthquake.

3.4 Formulation of M-theory, in particular, M5-branes / New universality in classical many-body chaos

Hidehiko Shimada focused on two subjects. One is the universal behaviour of Lyapunov exponents of a chaotic system with large number of degrees of freedom at late time. He is continuing his investigation in particular focusing on the behaviour of the exponent near a phase transition. Some of the results are presented in his paper written with Masanori Hanada and Masaki Tezuka published in Phys. Rev. E.

The other subject is the so-called D=6 N=(2,0) CFT. He proposed a formulation of it in terms of closed tensionless string field theory with a matrix-valued string field. The result is on the arxiv, arxiv:1805.10297, written with Sudarshan Ananth, Stefano Kovacs, and Yuki Sato.

3.5 Random Matrix Analysis for Gene Interaction Networks

By turning on/off the transcriptions of genes in accordance with the cellular cycles, the circumstances and the cell types, the molecules in the human cells form huge complex interaction networks.

These interacting molecules sometimes promote functions of proteins and sometimes they inhibit each other. In the nucleus, the genes which code the proteins have spatial and temporal correlations in their expression patterns. From the observation of the gene co-expression patterns with the high-throughput experiments such as microarrays or the next-generation sequencing technology, the gene interaction networks which are related especially to human disease including cancer have been studied extensively.

The investigation of topological modifications of the gene interaction networks in cancer cells is important for understanding the disease. We study gene interaction networks in various human cancer cells with the random matrix theory. We use the Cancer Network Galaxy (TCNG) database which is the repository of huge gene interactions inferred by Bayesian network algorithms.

The size of the gene interaction matrices is 8000 and the mean degree (the number of nonzero elements in each row) is about 10. When the number of edges (interactions) is more than 38000, we observe the famous Wigner distribution of the nearest level spacing P(s). On the other hand, when the edge number is less than 38000, P(s) behaves as the Poisson distribution.

4. Publications

4.1 Journals

  1. Tomoki Tokuda, Junichiro Yoshimoto, Yu Shimizu, Go Okada, Masahiro Takamura, Yasumasa Okamoto, Shigeto Yamawaki, Kenji Doya, “Multiple co-clustering based on nonparametric mixture models with heterogeneous marginal distributions”, PLoS ONE 12(10): e0186566. (2017)
  2. Satsuki Oda, Nobuchika Okada, Dai-suke Takahashi, “Right-handed neutrino dark matter in the classically conformal U(1)' extended standard model”, Phys. Rev. D 96, 095032 (2017)
  3. Hirohiko Shimada, “Conformal amplitude hierarchy and the Poincaré disk”, J. Phys.:Conf. Series 965 012036 (2018)
  4. Masanori Hanada, Hidehiko Shimada, Masaki Tezuka, “Universality in chaos: Lyapunov spectrum and random matrix theory”, Phys. Rev. E 97, 022224 (2018)
  5. Satsuki Oda, Nobuchika Okada, Digesh Raut, Dai-suke Takahashi, "Nonminimal quartic inflation in classically conformal U(1)x extended standard model”, Phys. Rev. D 97, 055001 (2018)
  6. Tomoki Tokuda, “Statistical test for detecting community structure in real-valued edge-weighted graphs”, PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194079. (2018)
  7. S. Hikami, Conformal bootstrap analysis for the Yang-Lee edge singularity, Progress Theoretical Experimental Physics, Volume 2018, Issue 5,1 (2018), 053 | 01, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/pty054.
     

4.2 Books and other one-time publications

Nothing to report

4.3 Oral and Poster Presentations

  1. Hirohiko Shimada, “Conformal Amplitude Hierarchies and the Poincare Disk”, The XXVth International Conference on Integrable Systems and Quantum symmetries (ISQS-25), Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic, 2017.06.09
  2. Hirohiko Shimada, “Carving out Renomalization Group Fixed Points in Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions by Anisotropic Bootstap” Grant Facilitator Workshop in Honor of Prof. Shuichi Murakami, OIST, 2017.06.22
  3. Hidehiko Shimada, “String field theory for tensionless strings and N=(2,0) superconformal theory in six-dimensions”, RIKEN, 2017.07.11
  4. Tomoki Tokuda, Hirohiko Shimada, “Abnormal seismicity of slow earthquakes on-land prior to 2011 Tohoku earthquake”, Joint Scientific Assembly of the International Association of Geodesy and International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior, Kobe International Conference Center, 2017.08.01
  5. Satsuki Oda, Nobuchika Okada, Digesh Raut, Dai-suke Takahashi, "Non-minimal Quartic Inflation in the Classically Conformal U(1)' extended SM”, Progress in Particle Physics 2017 (PPP2017), Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, 2017.08.03
  6. Satsuki Oda, Nobuchika Okada, Dai-suke Takahashi, “Right-handed Neutrino Dark Matter in the Classically Conformal U(1)’ extended Standard Model”, The 21st annual International Conference on Particle Physics and Cosmology (COSMO-17), Paris Diderot University, Paris, France, 2017.08.31
  7. Satsuki Oda, Nobuchika Okada, Digesh Raut, Dai-suke Takahashi, “Non-minimal quartic inflation in classically conformal U(1)' extended SM”, The Physical Society of Japan 2017 Autumn Meeting, Utsunomiya University, 2017.09.13
  8. Hidehiko Shimada, “Tensionless string field theory and D=6 SCFT”, The Physical Society of Japan 2017 Autumn Meeting, Utsunomiya University, 2017.09.14
  9. Hirohiko Shimada, “Hierarchies of Alternating Conformal Amplitudes and the Symmetry of Poincare disk”, New development in Teichmuller space theory (MCM2017), OIST, 2017.11.30
  10. Hirohiko Shimada, “Deriving CFT correlation functions from AdS geometry”, Holography independent study group, OIST, 2017.12.06
  11. Shinobu Hikami, “Dimensional reduction in conformal bootstrap”, Beyond mean field theory Workshop, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy, 2018.01.03
  12. Hirohiko Shimada, “An Introduction to the Universality in the Fluctuation via Euler's Mathematics: Random walks, Magnets, Fractals, and Earthquakes / オイラーの数学から揺らぎの普遍性入門： 酔歩・磁石・フラクタル・地震 ”, Science Colloquium / 学術理科講演会, Okinawa Prefectural Kaiho Senior High School, 2018.02.13
  13. Shinobu Hikami, “Random matrix theory and spectral form factor”, Riken-Osaka-OIST Joint Workshop 2018, OIST, 2018.03.12
  14. Hirohiko Shimada, “Topological Soliton Interactions from Quantum Electrodynamics”, RIKEN-Osaka-OIST Joint Workshop 2018, OIST, 2018.03.13
  15. Hidehiko Shimada, “Membrane interactions and Riemann space”, Riken-Osaka-OIST Joint Workshop 2018, OIST, 2018.03.13
  16. Tomoki Tokuda, “Cluster analysis for an undirected graph”, Riken-Osaka-OIST Joint Workshop 2018, OIST, 2018.03.14
  17. Satsuki Oda, Nobuchika Okada, Nathan Papapietro, Dai-suke Takahashi, “R-parity Conserving Minimal SUSY U(1)x Model”, JPS 73nd Annual Meeting (2018), Tokyo University of Science, 2018.03.22
  18. Hidehiko Shimada, “Duality of ABJM theory and matrix model of M-theory at large R-charge”, Symposium: Bootstrap Approach to Conformal Field Theories and Applications, OIST, 2018.03.22
  19. Hirohiko Shimada, “Decay and Oscillation of Amplitudes in Non-unitary CFT”, Symposium: Bootstrap Approach to Conformal Field Theories and Applications, OIST, 2018.03.23
  20. Hirohiko Shimada, Kazutaka Takashi, “Skyrmion Interactions in Antiferromagnets from the Magnon Propertime Integral”, JPS 73nd Annual Meeting (2018), Tokyo University of Science, 2018.03.25
  21. Hidehiko Shimada, “Membrane topology and matrix regularization”, Tokyo University of Science, 2018.03.26

 

5. Intellectual Property Rights and Other Specific Achievements

Nothing to report

6. Meetings and Events

6.1 Symposium: Bootstrap Approach to Conformal Field Theories and Applications

Scale invariant theories, i.e. theories which look the same at all distance and energy scales, play an important role in physics. Through Wilson’s renormalization group, scale invariant theories arise naturally in phase transitions. They are also the bread and butter of current thinking about particle physics beyond the Standard Model. These theories usually possess an emergent symmetry, conformal invariance, and are hence referred to as `Conformal Field Theories’ (CFTs). The quest to classify and solve CFTs is a major goal of theoretical physics. Recently, this quest has received a strong boost with the development of the ‘conformal bootstrap’ technique. This workshop will bring together two groups of researchers: theorists working on the conformal bootstrap and on formal aspects of CFTs, and condensed-matter and statistical theoretical physicists working on the concrete examples of systems exhibiting phase transitions described by CFTs. The goal will be to inform about the most important theoretical and practical developments in the conformal bootstrap, and about the most urgent questions relevant for condensed matter and statistical physics which can be addressed using conformal bootstrap.

  • Organizers: Slava Rychkov and Shinobu Hikami
  • Date: March 19-23, 2018
  • Venue: Conference Center, OIST
  • Invited Speakers:
    • Luis Fernando Alday (Oxford)
    • Nando Gliozzi (Torino)
    • Rajesh Gopakumar (ICTS-TIFR)
    • Sean Hartnoll (Stanford)
    • Shinobu Hikami (OIST)(organizer)
    • Yu Nakayama (Rikkyo)
    • Silviu Pufu (Princeton)
    • Leonard Rastelli (SUNY)
    • Slava Rychkov (ENS, CERN)(organizer)
    • Aninda Sinha (IIS, Bangalore)
    • Satoshi Yamaguchi (Osaka) 　　　
    • Masahito Yamazaki (IPMU,Tokyo)

6.2 RIKEN-Osaka-OIST Joint Workshop 2018

  • Organizers: :Koji Hashimoto (Osaka), Yoshimasa Hidaka (RIKEN), Hirohiko Shimada (OIST), Sotaro Sugishita (Main) (Osaka)
  • Date: March 12-14, 2018
  • Venue: B250 (Mar 12 & 13), C209 (Mar 14), OIST

6.3 Symposium:

The moduli space of compact Riemann surfaces, the space of all biholomorphism classes of compact Riemann surfaces, is one of the most attractive subjects in mathematics. Nowadays it firmly combines mathematical physics and integrable systems with low-dimensional topology including hyperbolic geometry of surfaces, which induces the Weil-Petersson symplectic structure on the space. In particular, the topological recursion by Eynard and Orantin generalizing Mirzakhani's recursive formula for the Weil-Petersson volume has some strong influence in various research areas.
In this workshop, we will read intensively some research papers on the symplectic structure of the moduli space and related topics, and will have some talks on original researches. This workshop is supported by a joint project between the OIST and the University of Tokyo.
This workshop is supported by a joint project between the OIST and the University of Tokyo.

  • Date: January 26 (Friday) - 28 (Sunday), 2018
  • Venue: Room 123, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences Bldg., University of Tokyo (Komaba Campus).
  • Organizers: Y. Tadokoro (Kisarazu), T. Sakasai (Univ. Tokyo) and N. Kawazumi (Univ. Tokyo)

6.4 MINI SYMPOSIUM: New development in Teichmuller space theory ; MCM2017

Theory of Teichmuller space has a long history for the moduli space of Riemann surface. Recently beyond classical Teichmuller space research, new extended concept and technique are developed and they are important for various areas of mathematical physics. Particularly higher Teichmuller space attracts interest, which concerns SL(n,R) geometry and its boundary. In this mini symposium, we concentrate on the new concept and technique and discuss from wide point of view of topology, physics and integrable systems. For examples, the cluster algebra and open intersection numbers are discussed closely. We intend to develop a theory for new structure of Teichmuller space in a new direction of mathematical physics.

  • Date: November 28 – 30, 2017
  • Venue: C210, Center Building, OIST
  • Organizers: Nariya Kawazumi (Univ. of Tokyo), Takuya Sakasai (Univ. of Tokyo), Shinobu Hikami (OIST)
  • Invited talkers:
    • A. Alekseev, Geneve Univ.
    • R. Inoue, Chiba Univ.
    • R. Kashaev, Geneve Univ.
    • T. Kitayama, Univ. of Tokyo
    • A. Kuniba, Univ. of Tokyo
    • A. Tsvietkova, OIST
  • Program: PDF
  • Photo: JPEG

6.5 Seminar

  • Date: Thursday, November 9, 2017
  • Time: 13:30 - 14:30
  • Venue: Room 056, Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences Bldg., University of Tokyo (Komaba Campus).  Seminar via TV conference system in Room B611 (Lab2) , OIST.
  • Speaker: Prof. Edouard Brezin (lpt ens, Paris)

Title: "Various applications of supersymmetry in statistical physics". 

Abstract:  Supersymmetry is a fundamental concept in particle physics (although it has not been seen experimentally so far). But it is although a powerful tool in a number of problems arising in quantum mechanics and statistical physics. It has been widely used in the theory of disordered systems (Efetov et al.), it led to  dimensional reduction for branched polymers (Parisi-Sourlas), for the susy classical gas (Brydges and Imbrie), for Landau levels with impurities. If has also many powerful applications in the theory of random matrices. I will briefly review some of these topics.

6.6 Workshop: MSRI Summer Graduate School – Commutative Algebra and Related Topics

The purpose of the school will be to introduce graduate students to foundational results in commutative algebra, with particular emphasis of the diversity of the related topics with commutative algebra. Some of these topics are developing remarkably in this decade and through learning those subjects the graduate students will be stimulated toward future research. The lecturers will give topics courses and then the graduate students will meet in small groups and challenge problems and have discussion sessions related to each topic.

  • Date: May 22—June 2, 2017
  • Venue: OIST Seaside House (May 23 at Conference Center, OIST Campus)
  • Organizers: Shihoko Ishii (TWCU), Kazuhiko Kurano (Meiji), Ken-ichi Yoshida (Nihon), Shinobu Hikami (OIST)
  • Lecturers:
    • David Eisenbud (MSRI / University of California)
    • Claudia Polini (University of Notre Dame)
    • Claudiu Raicu (University of Notre Dame)
    • Shunsuke Takagi (University of Tokyo)
    • Ryo Takahashi (Nagoya University)
  • Program: PDF
  • Photo: jpg

 

7. Other

Nothing to report.